Participant characteristics
Participant characteristics are presented in Table 1. The AD group consisted of 115 individuals diagnosed as AD without CVD and 36 individuals diagnosed as AD with CVD.
Parameters that were not normally distributed were age in the NC, aMCI, AD, and VaD groups, duration of disease in the aMCI, AD, and VaD groups, age at onset in the AD and VaD groups, education in the NC, AD, and VaD groups and MMSE score in the NC, and AD groups. Age, female-male ratio, education history, MMSE score, and APOE ε4 carrier frequency were significantly different among groups (Table 1). No significant differences were found in APOE ε2 carrier frequency and APOE ε3 carrier frequency among groups (Table 1). A post hoc analysis showed age was significantly higher in the AD and VaD groups compared to the NCs (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001,…
