Standard protocol approvals, registrations, and patient consents
This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital (IRB number: HDT 2022-04-002), which waived the need for informed consent owing to the retrospective design and utilization of encrypted patient data. All study methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Data source and study population
Data were obtained from the Korean NHIS Database11. The Korean NHIS is a single-payer mandatory insurance system that provides medical coverage to almost the entire Korean population (approximately 97%). The Korean NHIS has a thorough claims database of participants’ medical usage for review and reimbursement of medical expenses. The database includes demographic variables such as age, sex, International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnoses,…
