Participants
In this study, a total of 1134 participants were recruited at the Gwangju Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia (GARD) center (Gwangju City, South Korea) from 2019 to 2021. Each participant or their legal guardian provided written informed consent preceding the study. In accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria, all individuals had more than three years of education, had no clinical signs of hydration imbalance, and had no medical history or ongoing acute or chronic health conditions such as infections, neurological diseases, mental health instability, and excessive alcohol consumption that interfered with the intended study design. To be a CN individual, baseline magnetic resonance imaging must have not shown an abnormal pattern or atrophy, and a positron emission tomography (PET) scan must have confirmed a negative result of Aβ deposition by visual…
