Study population
Data were from the NHANES, a large, nationally representative cross-sectional survey and physical examination conducted in 2-year cycles, assessing the health and nutritional status of the civilian, noninstitutionalized United States population. Details of the survey and laboratory procedures are published elsewhere37. The comprehensive cognitive evaluation was available among 2937 adults ≥ 60 years old from two continuous NHANES data releases: 1364 from the 2011–2012 cycle and 1573 from the 2013–2014 cycle. Our samples excluded 1624 participants without information on lifestyle factors, SES factors, and covariates. Our final analytic sample included 1313 participants from the NHANES 2011–2014 (Figure S1).
Standard protocol approvals, registrations, and patient consents
The NHANES protocol followed the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki…
