Data collection and ethics declarations
Data were collected from the National Health Insurance Service of Korea (NHIS)-Senior database, which included data for 558,147 individuals recruited by a 10% simple random sampling method from a total of 5.5 million subjects aged ≥ 60 years in the National Health Information Database, which is an online-only database for qualified analysis centers, with formal payment and strict regulations on data release (https://nhiss.nhis.or.kr/)11,12. The NHIS incorporates all health-related data covering the entire population of the Republic of Korea. The NHIS-Senior database covered the following parameters: sociodemographic and socioeconomic information, insurance status, biennial health check-up examinations (including anthropometric measurements, laboratory investigations, and self-questionnaire surveys on health behaviors), and records of…
