Study setting
Our study took place in 14 villages located in peri-urban Beijing (Pinggu County: N40°8′, E117°6′) and Shanxi (Yu County: N38°05′, E113°24′) provinces, representing lower-income areas with energy use practices that are characteristic of northern China. Household use of highly-polluting biomass- and coal-fuelled stoves for cooking and space-heating was common18,28. More information about the study setting is provided elsewhere18.
Study design and participants
The ICP Study is a longitudinal study that was established to identify environmental and nutritional risk factors for chronic disease. In 2015–16 we enrolled 547 adults in Beijing and Shanxi (aged 40–79 at enrolment, 56% female) into the study. Details on the study design and the sampling and recruiting of participants are described elsewhere18. Briefly, most participants (n = 398, aged 60–79 in…
