Patient cohort
A summary of all patient information is provided in Supplementary Table 1. Cohort 1 consists of four normal controls, one patient without dementia but with another neurological disease (disease control), 19 patients with MCI, and 18 patients with AD. Cohort 2 comprised 13 disease controls, seven MCI patients, and 17 AD patients. Cohort 3 comprised 30 normal controls and 30 AD patients. Cohort 4 comprised eight AD patients. Informed consent for the use of all human CSF was obtained and approved by the appropriate ethics committee at each institution and by Tokyo Medical and Dental University.
Mini-Mental State Examination
The Japanese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was performed by the corresponding physician of each patient.
CSF sampling
All CSF samples were obtained by lumbar puncture before meal times and collected into polypropylene tubes. The CSF…
