Animals and treatments
Hemizygous transgenic mice expressing human APP harbouring the Swedish and Indiana (KM670/671NL, V717F) mutations (APPSweInd) labeled as strain B6.Cg-Tg (PDGFB-APPSwInd) 20Lms/2 J (MMRRC Stock No: 34836-JAX) were from Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME), and C57BL/6 mice were purchased from Japan SLC (Hamamatsu, Japan). All animals were maintained in barrier facilities, housed in a room kept at 23 ± 1 °C with a 12- h light/dark cycle and allowed free access to tap water and food (AIN-93M). Animal protocols were approved by the animal care committees of Hokkaido University and all experiments were performed in accordance with guidelines and regulations of the animal care committees of Hokkaido University.
APP mice (13 months) were isolated one per a cage and received a daily oral dose of 9.2 mg KE containing 11% (vol/vol) GlcCer or 1 mg purified…
