Activation of cyclophilin A (CypA; red upper panels) leads to activation of MMP9 (red lower panels) in CD13+-pericytes (green) in brain capillaries of APOE4 humanized Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mice with advanced amyloid-beta pathology. The images on the right, perpendicular to those on the left, show an overlap of of CypA or MMP9 with CD13+-pericytes: bar, 10 μm. Lectin+-endothelium is labeled blue indicating cortical capillaries. Credit: Angeliki Nikolakopoulou, PhD
Like amyloid plaque, the genetic variant APOE4 has long been associated with Alzheimer’s disease, but still little is known about the role the gene plays in the disease process.
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